Age-Related Macular Degeneration

ARMD generally consists of metabolic waste deposits and scarring at the macula, the back part of the eye that is responsible for central vision. These deposits (called drusen) can accumulate in and around the macula, negatively affecting the structures that we rely on for central vision. There are two general types of ARMD, “wet” and “dry.” Dry ARMD usually progresses more slowly, and consists mainly of drusen deposits and scarring of the layers behind the macula.

Wet ARMD is usually more detrimental to the vision and progresses more rapidly. This is when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow where they are not supposed to. These new abnormal blood vessels are likely to disrupt the structures at the macula and will often leak. In either case this is likely to disrupt vision.

What does it affect?

ARMD affects the central vision, typically starting out with slight distortion and blur, it can progress to blind spots, making reading, driving, and some everyday activities very difficult.

How do I know if I have ARMD?

Getting regular check ups by your eye doctor is vital; this is the only way to detect changes early. Early detection can help prevent progression of ARMD. It is a good idea see an eye doctor for yearly exams, especially if you have a family history of ARMD.

What are the treatments?

Currently there is no cure for dry ARMD, but it is recommended that Lutein and Zeaxanthin become regular supplements in your diet. These are known to reduce up to 30%-40% of progression to wet ARMD in patients with dry ARMD. Since these nutrients are proven to increase protective pigment at the macula, Dr. Miller recommends them to virtually anyone who has a close family history of ARMD. There are also new studies out showing that an increase in Lutein helps improve cognitive disorders. We currently have two varieties in our office, one with fish oil and one without.

For wet ARMD, treatments are typically injections of a specific class of drugs called VEGf inhibitors. These work to dry up new, leaky blood vessels that grow in the vicinity of the macula. Essentially, this dries up “wet” ARMD, converting it back to “dry” ARMD.